Oil Boom in Nigeria: What are the Socio-Economic Implications for Society from 1999-2014?

Chapter 1 IntroductionNigeria is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the leading anoint producing countries in the human being. Nigerias economy was generally characte burn upd by unsophisticated production alongside different consumer goods up to the 1980s, when cover wealth took over the bulk of the rurals economy. For to a greater extent than troika decades, Nigeria has exploited her fossil crude colour re roots for export. The emergence of oil as Nigerias main source of taxation has generated a design of questions regarding the signification of the oil wealth to the socio-stinting schooling of Nigeria ships comp each. It has been unremarkably assumed that Nigerias large oil deposits would spur socio- economical growth and put the re man among the valet de chambres elite nations in terms of economic growth and cordial prosperity (Ian and Terry, 2003). Since independence from Great Britain in 1960, Nigerians present experienced a number of problems ranging from e thno- phantasmal and sectarian conflicts to rottenness. According to Gboyega (1996) the post-independent Nigeria is one that has sap the brunt of leading-induced poverty instigated by degeneration scandals, religious charlatanism, war, restiveness, semipolitical inst strength, series of dictatorial government activitys, and reverse to build basic amenities among other issues. Ironic eachy, these challenges hurl intensified during the period when Nigeria experienced what is comm entirely referred to as the oil peg (Gboyega, 1996, p.39). Julius-Adeoye (2010) believes that Nigerias severe socio-economic crisis started immediately after(prenominal) independence, when the countrys leaders sacked the nations resourcefulnesss with massive putrescence allegations at the expense of citizens wellbeing excuses that multitude generals used to mount takeovers from the civilian discoverrs. Whilst it was pass judgment that the beginning of Nigerias democratically elective gover nment in 1999 under the leaders of death chair Olesegun Obasanjo would see sudden miscellany of fortunes for Nigerians, the country has not realised a lot progress in terms of well-disposed progress despite the much hyped economic growth (Salawu, 2010). Data indicate that Nigerias oil revenue hit US$ 300 billion in the remainder 2 decades alone (Balouga, 2009). But it is the rise in revenue (over USD$112 billion amidst 2004 and 2007 alone) during Obasanjos reign that has raised questions to the highest degree the countrys priorities and socio-economic phylogeny plans. unmatch adequate question one would ask is where did Nigeria got it misemploy in terms of socio-economic developmentTo answer this question, on that point is need to understand how defining political sciences of cosmopolitan Ibrahim Babangida and ulterior Olesegun Obasanjo have contri scarceed to the socio-economic slump of the resource-rich Nigeria.1.1 train and ObjectivesThis nurture aims to effectua te the implication of two leaders of Nigeria, general Ibrahim Babangida (1985-1993) and President Olusegun Obasanjo (1999-2007) on Nigerias oil and gas resource wariness and the socio-economic impact with popular Babangida conniption the pace in the old age of mis ruler and mismanagement of national resources, he fortune a precedent that would later stalk the economic and social fabric of Nigeria and its mountain for later years. Sadly, the trend of inequality did not seem to end with phalanx rule only extended with the civilian rule of the democratically elected government (Odebode, 2004).Research objectivesTo establish the role of General Babangidas regime on the oil resource management and socio-economic development of Nigeria To identify the implication of President Obasanjos reign as a democratically elected leader on the oil resource management and socio-economic development of Nigeria To identify ways in which leadership can be used to proportion Nigerias socio-ec onomic development and improve oil resource management1.2 Research QuestionsWhat is the meaning of Babangida and Obasanjos regimes in the socio-economic development of Nigeria? What is the importation of oil wealth to the socio-economic development of Nigerias socio-economic development? What implications do the oil resources have on the local communities social integrating and economic wellbeing? To what extent has the reigns of these leaders captured in the literature about Nigerias developmental agenda? Chapter 2 literature Review There is a portentous body of literature on Nigerias development framework. It has been described as having components of corruption, consumerism, failed socio-economic and political policies, and many other issues (Balouga, 2009 Odebode, 2004 Ian and Terry, 2003).Odebode (2004) observes that Nigerias socio-economic temper in the past four decades has neither promoted any kind of social and economic welfare that can insulate families from pungent grocery store realities nor help them benefit from market developments (Odebode, 2004, p.12). This is despite massive revenue from oil production. rotting has been at the core of Nigerias political and social developments independence, saddling between military and civilian regimes, which have regrettably institutionalised corruption in almost all government agencies. When General Ibrahim Babangida toppled General Muhammadu Buharis regime of less than two years in a bloodless in-house coup on 27th August 1985, the country saw thirteen years of corruption in Nigeria. It is generally agreed that during General Babangidasregime corruption not only reached appall high level rate but also became instutionalised. For instance, leaders who were found blameable by tribunals in the prior regimes of Murtala Mohammed and Mohammadu Buharu would later find their way back into the human beings life recovering their seized properties allegedly acquired finished corrupt means. Maduagwu (cite d in Gboyega, 1996, p.5) observes that that not only did Babangida regime entrench corruption when he pardoned corrupt government officials convicted in the previous regimes and allowed them to reclaim their seized properties, but also formally sanctioned corruption in the country, do it difficult to apply the only unbendable measures, long prison terms and gaining control of illegally acquired wealth for fighting corruption in Nigeria in the future. The successive regimes after Babangida did little to stop corruption (Balouga, 2009). General Sani Abacha in just less than 4 months had ousted the interim government furthering the corruption be and stagnating the socio-economic growth. The Abacha regime saw corruption reached its line of longitude with plunder of national resources. The worldwide spunk for Asset Recovery (2009) estimated that the Abacha family alone took up to US$ 4 billion from the public coffers. Salawu (2010) observes that the countrys populace is clam up m arred with abject poverty, to the extent that it is not only being categorised amongst the worlds poorest nations but also graces the worlds most unequal countries list. Studies have estimated that about 70 percent of Nigerias population lives below poverty line, largely due to inequitable distribution of the national resources such as oil revenue limited access to basic amenities and social services such as healthcare (Salawu, 2010).Chapter 3 Research modeological analysis and designThe look intoer proposes to use soft seek method to increase the apprehension of the attitudes, motivation and other non-numerical information. The story forget seek to investigate these phenomena using coordinate and semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and observation. According to Panneerselvam (2004), qualitative approach to explore is the most appropriate seek method when memoriseing issues that require in-depth understanding of issues. Panneerselvam (2004) advises that interrogat ioners intending to theatre of operations societal issues such as corruption and governance should immerse themselves into the shade of the society and experience what is in the system. soft explore allows the research worker to practice the needed flexibility, t therefore the ability to amend the emerging sub-questions as they become more familiar with the people, culture and system construct (Panneerselvam, 2004, p.158). Qualitative research methods help researchers to collect non-numerical responses from respondents using less-structured research instruments such as interviews, observation and ethnography. descriptive anthropology uses fieldwork to provide a descriptive study of human society and presents the results as an unionized whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. It is founded on the principle that a systems individual properties cannot always be accurately understood independent of each other. Qualitative research is thus based on relatively small hear s izes and may evoke inherent challenges when larger sample sizes are needed.In-depth courting studyThis research go forth also adopt a issue study as a research methodology. The case studies will concentre on General Babangidas regime and Obasanjos reign and get by any comparison and similarities in terms of socio-economic development. fictitious character study as a research method is popular due to its ability to draw inspiration from the empirical oddment and practicality (Stake, 1998). Although the researcher maybe interested in a wider question of socio-economic development of Nigeria, the case study will allow the researcher to specifically focus on issues of oil resource management, corruption, and leadership ideals. sideslip study is an important research method because it is able to combine other research strategies, hence the reason why it is often referred to as a meta-method (Stake, 1998). Gillham (2001) argues that a case study should not be viewed as more impor tant than other research methodologies but should be seen as more fit for practice-oriented fields. That is, the ability of the researcher to act inside a professional practice is dependent on the knowledge of a repertory of cases.3.1 Scope of the studyThis research will focus on oil resource management and its impact on socio-economic development in Nigeria. The focus will draw similarities and contrast between General Babangidas regime (1985-1993) and Olusegun Obasanjo (1999-2007).ReferencesBalouga, J. (2009). The Niger Delta Defusing the Time Bomb. International Association for Energy Economies 1 (3), 8-11. Gboyega, A. (1996). Corruption and Democratization in Nigeria. Ibadan Agba Areo Publishers. International concentrate on for Asset Recovery. (2009, September). Sani Abacha. Retrieved on 25 August, 2014 from http//www.assetrecovery.org/ Gillham, B. (2001). Case Study Research Methods. London, New York Continuum. Ian, G. and Terry, L. (2003). back tooth of the Barrel Africas Oil roar and the Poor. Stanford Catholic Relief Services. Julius-Adeoye, R.J. Nigerian Playwrights and functionary Corruption a study of selected plays. In Oshionebo, B.,Mbachaga, J.D., eds. (2010). Literary Perspectives on Corruption in Africa 1. Markudi Bookmakers, 2 (1), 5-17. Odebode, S. (2004). Husbands are Crowns Livelihood Pathways of Low-Income urban Yoruba Wwomen in Ibadan, Nigeria. The Hague ISS, 11-12. Panneerselvam, R. (2004). Research Methodology. NY PHI Learning Pvt. Salawu, B. (2010). Ethno-Religious Conflicts in Nigeria Causal Analysis and Proposals for New focusing Strategies. European Journal of Social Sciences 13(3), 345-353. Stake, R. (1998). Case Studies in Norman Denzin & Yvonna Lincoln. (eds.) Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry. potassium Oaks, London, New Delhi Sage.