Wounding More than just the Knee: The Development of the Ghost Dance in

Religion has always been an easy respite from the toils of daily life. Moreover, it has an intrinsic ability to help its followers make sense of matters during clock of despair. For indispensable Americans, religion has long been an integral disassemble of their culture. The Longhouse Religion, the Drummer-Dreamer Faith (which strongly foreshadowed the development of the Ghost Dance movement), and the Indian Shaker Church are totally religions that originated deep within Native American culture. The white man, since his arrival in America, has always had extreme amounts of tension with Native Americans, often enacting laws in order to do what would make white society happy. As the United States government took away more and more of what Native Americans stood for, vast amounts of them turned to religion for reprieve from the throe and suffering instigated, in part, by the white man.The United States government, since its very foundation, has been hostile towards Native American s, forcing them to comply with their needs. An early instance of Indian manipulation on the part of the United States government was the Indian Removal Act of 1830. During Andrew Jacksons presidency, thousands of Native Americans were forced off of their land west of the Mississippi River. These Native Americans walked on what would later be known as the Trail of Tears. It was named this because of the acute anguish that countless numbers of them endured while on it. As they were forced advance and further west, they were cramped onto smaller and less fertile lands. The Sioux Treaty of 1868 (also known as the Treaty of Fort Laramie) established the Great Sioux Reservation. This treaty drew boundaries as to where Native Americans could and could not settle, and attempt... ...ess, 2009. Meddaugh, J. E. American Indian Ghost Dance. Photograph. 1885. Photo Lot 90-1, number 391. National Anthropological Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Members of the Potomac Corral o f the Westerners. Great Western Indian Fights. Lincoln, NE University of northeast Press, 1960. Mooney, James. The Ghost-Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890. Washington DC US Bureau of American Ethnology, 1896. Sandefur, Gary D. American Indian Reservations The First Underclass Areas? Focus 12, no. 1 (1989) 37-41. Streissguth, Tom. maimed Knee 1890 The End of the Plains Indian Wars. New York, NY Facts on File, 1998. Thurman, Melbum D. Wovoka. American National Biography Online. Last modified February 2000. Accessed October 15, 2013. http//www.anb.org/articles/20/20-01149.html. Wovoka. The Messiah Letter. Speech transcript.

Analogues of a Fabliau Essay -- Chaucer Canterbury Tales Fabliau Essay

Analogues of a FabliauGeoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales in many different genres and from a variety of sources. He took ideas from other authors and made them his own through adding and changing details, which in turn could cause the meaning of the story to change. The adaptations could alter the tone of the story it could be made more sarcastic, humorous or serious. He also wrote in many different genres.One genre that Chaucer worked with is the fabliau. A fabliau is a short story that is usually written in verse about low or middle class people. It is more obscene than other stories, primarily through sexual situations. It is presented to be comical against marriage. The sexual obscenity became more vulgar as it was written down, because only then was there more of a separation between courtly and vulgar actions. (Muscatine 568-570) Benson describes the fabliau as, a brief comic tale in verse, usually scurrilous and often scatological or obscene. The style is sim ple, vigorous, and straight-forward... (7) One critic, Charles Muscatine, believes that the old French fabliau lacked much plot structure. (Vaszily, 523-542) However, one element like this is meagerly to classify in a genre. There are other short stories that are kept short and concise that are not fabliaux. Also, another peculiarity of fabliaux is that the humor is attached to the structure itself rather than in the way in which the story is told. (Vaszily) One common plot for a fabliau is a love triangle. The triangle is often formed with an old husband, a young wife and another young man. As Vaszily points out, though, Chaucer has other tales that are not fabliaux, which have this plot. Muscatine refers to the content of fa... ...rk, 1971.Bodel, Jean. Gombert and the deuce Clerks. 1190-1194 Pp. 89-99Anonymous. The Miller and the Two Clerks. Thirteenth Century.Blanch, Robert J and Wasserman, Julian N. The Advocate Law, fabliaux, and the journey to modernism. Liter ature/Film Quarterly. Salsbury, 2001 303-315.Dunn, E Catherine. The spirit of the fourteenth century. Modern Age. Wilmington, Summer 2001 268-271.Muscatine, Charles. medieval Literature, Style and Culture Essays by Charles Muscatine. Journal of English and Germanic Philology. Urbana, Oct 2001 568-570.The Geoffrey Chaucer Home Page. URL http//icg.fas.harvard.edu/chaucer Copyright President and Fellows of Harvard College. Last Modified Jan 20, 2002.Vaszily, Scott. Fabliau plotting against romance in Chaucers Knights Tale. Style. Dekalb, Fall 1997 523-542.

The language paper -- essays research papers

Language is one of the most powerful mediums in the human world, and not only stinker language be expressed through words, but also visually and musically. Language is everything from words that are spoken and the silence that lies between one phrase and the next. I remark out odd how in our culture, we try to label things black and white. Its either this or its that, yet when theres something lacking in language, we try to assign colors to it instead of letting things be how they are. I have two types of mediums that I feel shows the idea that things are visually and audibly black and white, but its difficult to leave it at that.The first medium I chose is in fact a color picture, but what makes it standardised to a black and white picture is that theres mostly black in the picture. When my dad got the roll of film developed, I started seeming through it and not even stopping to behavior closely at any pictures, but then I get to this one and I found myself honorable staring at it and looking for something that efficiency not even be there. When I first glanced at it I just saw a psyche wearing black and their arm with her head not captured in the picture. When I looked at it again I saw myself in the desktop with a look of distress and sadness incorporated with the look of reality finally setting in. I think the reason that I didnt quite look at myself in the background first was because Im positioned off center in the picture. I look carefully to see body language, since I cant tell what words are being spoken, and I see that my hands are by my mouth, almost seeming like I ask to hide my emotions from the world, but at the same time Im overwhelmed with the emotions that I feel that I cant help but kick the bucket down in silence. The second thing that my eyes seem to land on is the person to the refine holding the other persons hand. I somehow got a flash as to why I started crying again. Its not because it was a funeral and that my lifeless gr andmothers body was right there in the open, but its that the person who is standing to the right of me (my aunt), is holding the others persons hand (her aunt, my grandmothers sister). I consider taking one quick glance at her and just seeing my grandmother in front of me because of the close resemblance of the two. It was almost like a walking ghost was right in front of me. Thats when reality se... ... they have in front of them isnt so bad. I guess this claim is more directed to people who feel like theyre outside of the box or that they dont really belong. The song has this meaning that says to marry their differences because it is what makes them unique and to stay true to themselves.I feel that both genres that I chose were pretty much black and white, but for some odd reason, anytime I look and listen to both, I try to find deep hidden meanings from them. These meanings that I find might not even be there. The meanings I find might just be cultural influences that are pr ogrammed in my head. Maybe if someone from a different lifestyle or culture were to listen or escort these genres, they would get a different meaning from them, maybe something that I might have not even seen. I think as part of our society, we unendingly try to look for hidden meanings or meanings that arent even there in something that is as simple as a black and white photo. No one could label something clearly black and white, nor can they determine the set meaning in a photo, song, advertisement, etc. because it all depends on the cultural background of the reader or l

Technology and Language in Education: The Effect of New Technology on T

Technology and Language in Education The Effect of New Technology on Teaching LanguagesAnnie Moore, a 15-year-old lady friend from Ireland arrived at Ellis Island in New York City on January 1, 1892. She was the first immigrant to come to that United States immigration station, but she was certainly not the last. According to the U.S. Census function (2000), 28.4 million of the 285.2 million US residents in 2000 were immaterial-born. With such a large amount of our population being foreign-born, the need for effective linguistic communication education is immense. The physical exercise of technology is very useful in in alleviating the pressure of such a tremendous demand for ESL (English as a second language) and EFL (English as a foreign language) course of instructions (Education World, Inc., 2004).Schools all over the country are adding the latest technology to their classrooms, and students are benefiting tremendously. Programs designed to incorporate reading and writ ing practices in a foreign language are modernized with technological advances which make it possible to interact with not only people within the classroom but students and teachers at other schools and all over the world. With the touch of a button, students at a school that might not be able to afford a foreign language program can be in contact with a school that has rich foreign language resources. Students can send written assignments over the Internet to be checked and graded they can take online quizzes and assessments that will be graded within seconds and give instant feedback for the student. Real-time instant conversation makes it possible for a student anywhere to keep up with what their class is covering, regardless of whether the student is out sick, or unable to be in class, or even if th... ...rld.com/foreign_lang/Macias, R., & Rose, D.J. (1994, August). pumped-up(a) for Knowledge. Hispanic, 7(7), 17-22. Retrieved September 26, 2004, from Eric EBSCO database. University of California Davis Department of Information and Educational Technology. (2004). Online AP Course Preps High School Students for University-Level Learning. Tech News. Retrieved October 3, 2004, from http//technews.ucdavis.edu/news2.cfm?id=762Upbin, B. (1999, March). Instant Feedback in the Classroom. Forbes, 163(6), 68-71. Retrieved September 26, 2004, from Academic Search postmortem database.U.S. Census Bureau. (2000). U.S. Foreign-Born Population. Retrieved October 4, 2004, from http//www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/foreign/ cps2000.htmlWarschauer, M. (2002). A Developmental Perspective on Technology in Language Education. TESOL Quarterly, 36(3), 453-475.

Emily Dickinson :: Author Biography Emily Dickinson Essays

Emily Dickinson Breaking news revealing the truth about Emily Dickinsons life has recently been uncovered. For the past hundred-plus years literary historians believed Dickinson to be a plainly and quiet type of person who did not communicate with the public for most of her life. Her romanticism poetry drew attention from fellow literary legends. After match with the well-k nowadaysn Thomas Wentworth Higginson, who showed interest in her work but advised her not to publish it, she became defiant to publish any of her work. Dickinson grew up in a very nonindulgent Puritan family. However, her poetry did not reflect her Puritan upbringing at all. As the late eighteen sixties came about, Dickinson became very wedded to her family home and refused to leave it. She cut off most of her relationships with her friends. The only way she could express her feelings was through her writing. She eventually died in 1886 of a kidney condition called Brights disease. Against Dickinsons request, her sister Lavinia turned over the rest of her work to be published. The biography you kick in just read is a summary of the life of Emily Dickinson we have all put one overn to accept. The following story is the truth revealed. The shocking discoveries will leave you in amazement. One hundred-fifteen years later, who would have thought historians could ever split a scandal like this one?Emily Dickinson grew up as a New England Puritan. The values she was taught were all but revealed in the poetry she wrote. How could such strict Puritan parents raise a child to express such anti-Puritan values in her writing as Emily Dickinson did? That question has recently become invalid now that scientists have discovered that Emily Dickinson indeed had a twin sister to whom the credit for all of the poetry is now given. How and why did such a disgrace take place, you ask? It was a complicated situation-one which would probably never happen today Sexuality and enjoyment were things thought of as satanic to Puritans. When Emily Dickinsons parents gave birth to fit in Amherst, MA, society saw them as grotesque and the parents themselves were humiliated. To Puritans, having twins meant the couple enjoyed sexuality twice as much as others. They would have been shunned and looked down on if they kept both of the babies. With the idea of murdering one of the babies out of the question, one of the twins was given to a caretaker of the Dickinsons.

Emily Dickinson :: Author Biography Emily Dickinson Essays

Emily Dickinson Breaking news revealing the truth about Emily Dickinsons brio has recently been uncovered. For the past hundred-plus years literary historians believed Dickinson to be a plain and quiet type of person who did not communicate with the public for most of her life. Her romanticism poetry drew attention from fellow literary legends. after(prenominal) corresponding with the well-known Thomas Wentworth Higginson, who showed interest in her work but advised her not to publish it, she became defiant to publish any of her work. Dickinson grew up in a really strict Puritan family. How eer, her poetry did not reflect her Puritan upbringing at all. As the late eighteen sixties came about, Dickinson became very attached to her family home and refused to leave it. She cut off most of her relationships with her friends. The only way she could express her feelings was through her writing. She eventually died in 1886 of a kidney condition called talenteds disease. Against Dickinso ns request, her sister Lavinia turned over the rest of her work to be published. The biography you have just read is a summary of the life of Emily Dickinson we have all taken to accept. The following story is the truth revealed. The shocking discoveries will leave you in amazement. One hundred-fifteen years later, who would have thought historians could ever crack a scandal like this one?Emily Dickinson grew up as a New England Puritan. The values she was taught were all but revealed in the poetry she wrote. How could such strict Puritan parents raise a child to express such anti-Puritan values in her writing as Emily Dickinson did? That question has recently become hinder now that scientists have discovered that Emily Dickinson indeed had a twin sister to whom the credit for all of the poetry is now given. How and why did such a humiliate take place, you ask? It was a complicated situation-one which would probably never happen today Sexuality and enjoyment were things thought o f as satanic to Puritans. When Emily Dickinsons parents gave experience to twins in Amherst, MA, society saw them as grotesque and the parents themselves were humiliated. To Puritans, having twins meant the couple enjoyed sexuality twice as much as others. They would have been shunned and looked dump on if they kept both of the babies. With the idea of murdering one of the babies out of the question, one of the twins was given to a caretaker of the Dickinsons.

Team Dynamics for Managers

pic cut through target Guide College of Social Sciences PSY/430 Version 5 squad Dynamics for Managers Copyright 2010, 2009, 2008, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2001 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. course Description This course provides an exploration into how managers and employees work in hosts for the completion of organizational objectives. Emphasis is fit(p) on the growing dependency on self-directed work ag conclaves in the workplace. This course equips savant with the ability to manage work teams, work in teams roaringly, and to adjudge results via team dynamics. In addition, impacts upon customer satisfaction are explored. PoliciesFaculty and students/learners get out be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents University policies You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University po licies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each(prenominal)(prenominal) conformation. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Engleberg, I. N. Wynn, D. R. (2010). working in congregations. (5th ed. ). University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text Boston, MA Pearson/Allyn & Bacon. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, PSY/430 police squad Dynamics for Managers Course website.. All electronic materials are available on the student website. hebdomad One Effective Communication in Diverse radicals exposit Due Points Objectives Explain the sexual relationship between assembly outgrowth assortment and communication style. Determine effective use of verbal and nonverbal interaction in groups. Describe the importance of listening and effective listening techniques. Determi ne appropriate methods of group facilitation. take inings Read Ch. 1 of Working in Groups. Readings Read Ch. of Working in Groups. Readings Read Ch. 3 of Working in Groups. Readings Read Ch. 4 of Working in Groups. Readings Read Ch. 7 of Working in Groups. Readings Read Ch. 8 of Working in Groups. Readings Read this work workweeks electronic maintain Readings. Selection of Teammates By Thurs solar day, please let me know in your individualist forum if you could work with people By Thursday of outside your time-z cardinal. Week One On Friday, I will post a note in the Main forum with the names of the people in each team. intimacy Participate in class discussion. 2 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. By Friday of the 2 first week. Article follow-up Complete and bring up obligate review to weave in Main forum for it. By Sunday of the 3 first week. Search through the Electronic Resource Reading list consi sting of articles from UOPXs Online Library. deal with your teammates which article you plan to review so that each member reviews a different article. Coordinate with teammates so that everyone in your team summarizes a different article. hand two aragraphs and a quotation to the Main forum in reply to the post I will be posting. In the first paragraph, provide a short summary of the article. (100 to 150 words) Add an APA citation. In the second paragraph, assort the information to your work, social, and/or home life. (100 to 150 words) For the quotation from the article, explain why you opine it is an important quote. 50 to 75 words) Add an APA citation. Provide an APA formatted reference. mortal Review the Working in Groups videos located on your student website. Choose third of the quartetteBy Monday, the 8 Group Communication Video videos to watch. farthest-place day of the Cases first week, R eview the grading form and use the sample constitution provided for this appointee in the Course Materials forum. Write a 200- to 300-word response to each video clip by answering the following questions. Choose one video that you will use to discuss the relationship between group member diversity and communication style. What diversity existed in the group? How did this affect the group members communication styles?Was diversity a hindrance to communication? Determine two communication methods that could have been used to develop facilitate the group. Choose another video and describe the verbal and nonverbal interaction among the members of the group.What were these interactions communicating? Were they helping or hindering the group process? Come up with two communication methods that could have been used to better facilitate the group. Watch the third video and determine the listening techniques used by members of the group. Describe the importance of listening in group communication and relate it to this scenario. Were the listening techniques used in this situation effective? If not, which effective techniques should have been used to better facilitate the group process? Resources Three Resources (1) textbook, (2) one article from the Electronic adjudge Readings or another article in UOPXs Online Library, and (3) one other resource or another article from UOPXs Online Library. initialize your paper fit in to APA standards. hold title-sheet, levels with subheadings, citations, and references. character sample paper and review grading form both provided in Course Materials forum. Submit to the date Section. Week One Individual Participation (2)Discussion Questions (2) Article Review (3) Group Communication Video Cases (8) Individual Total 15 Week Two Cohesion and Decision-Making Details Due Points Objectives Evaluat e individual strengths that apply to the group process. Apply passage of arms management techniques to group conflicts. Identify problem-solving techniques that facilitate group decision-making. Readings Read Ch. 9 of Working in Groups. Readings Read Ch. 10 of Working in Groups. Readings Read Ch. 1 of Working in Groups. Readings Read this weeks Electronic view as Readings. Participation Participate in class discussion. 2 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. By Friday of the 2 second week Individual encounter interpretation in Week One. By Friday of the 3 Article Review second week Individual This two-part assignment enables you to reflect on your individual strengths and Rough drawing problem-solving skills as they apply to the group process and decision-making. 5 Individual Strengths and Review the grading form and use the sample paper provided for this assignment in the Course Problem-Solving Techniques Mate rials forum. paper typeset a 1,050- to 1,750-word paper formatted harmonize to APA guidelines.The paper must be organized according to the following categories Part 1 Individual Strengths and the Group Process Describe a group setting or scenario in which you have worked or of which you are currently a part. What are the strengths and skills that you have brought to this group setting? How have they benefited the group? Are there any drawbacks your strengths and skills have brought to the group? Describe how they have stirred the group. How have other group members strengths and skills affected the group process? What are some skills you could improve to foster a more effective group environment? How can you improve these skills? Part 2 Problem Solving Techniques and Group Decision Making What problem solving techniques do you know or use regularly? How do your techniques i nfluence group decisions? What other problem solving techniques could you use when making group decisions? What can you do to develop or improve your problem solving techniques? Resources Three Resources (1) textbook, (2) one article from the Electronic Reserve Readings or another article in UOPXs Online Library, and (3) one other resource or another article from UOPXs Online Library. Format your paper according to APA standards. Include title-sheet, abstract, levels with subheadings, citations, and references. Use sample paper and review grading form both provided in Course Materials forum. On the last day of the second week, submit a working draft of the Job Redesign and Workplace Rewards Assessment to the three reviewing services in the Center for paternity Excellence (CWE) for evaluation (1) Write Point, (2) Tutor Review, and (3) Plagiarism Checker. On the last day of the second week, provide pr oof of your submission by taking a Screen-Shot of the My Papers page showing the submission to three reviewing services. Submit the Screen-Shot to your Individual forum. In the subject line, type the words, Screen-Shot. On the third day of the third week (Thursday), download all three reviews. Write Point and Plagiarism Checker take 15 minutes to an hour to complete. Tutor Review takes two to three days to complete. By the last day of Write Point and Tutor Review are Word documents that are easily saved. the second week The Turnitin authorship is saved by clicking on the icon, which looks like a piece of paper with a downward arrow. It is on the far right of the page. By the last day of Submit them to your Individual forum. the second week In the subject line, type the words, Copies of the Results of the Three Reviewing Services By the third day of the third week. tuition Team For the Charte r, in the first section, complete with the necessary information from each of By Saturday of the5 Charter and Timeline the members. In the remaining sections ((1) Team Ground Rules and Guidelines, (2) second week Expectations for Time Management and Involvement, (3) Ensuring Fair and Even Contribution and Collaboration, and (4) Special Considerations. ) complete each as a collaborative effort rather than s entail submissions from each member. Do not say member A thinks one of the Ground Rules and Guidelines should be that everyone posts every day in the learning team forum. Then, member B thinks everyone should post every other day, while, member C thinks every three days is fine. In other words, collaborate as a team to make one list for each of the following sections In this way, I will know that everyone agrees with each other. Additionally, be sure to answer allquestions in relation to each section. For the timeline, use the one in t he Course Materials forum. Be sure toinclude what each member is to do each week to satisfy the successful completion of the project and how the team will know that it has been completed. Include dates as to when each step is to be finished. Collaboratively complete both the charter and timeline. Submit to Assignment Section. Week Two Individual Participation (2) Discussion Questions (2) Article Review (3) Rough Draft Individual Strengths and Problem-Solving Techniques Paper (5) acquisition Team Charter and Timeline (5) Individual Total 12 Learning Team Total 5 Week Three Group Member Roles and Responsibilities Details Due Points Objectives Identify group member roles and responsibilities. Identify the qualities of an effective group leader. Explain methods of managing difficult group members. Readings Read Ch. 5 of Working in Groups. Readings Read Ch. 12 of Working in Groups. Readings Read this weeks Electronic Reserve R eadings. Participation Participate in class discussion. 2 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. By Friday of 2 the third week Individual See the details in the first week. By Friday of 3 Article Review the third week Individual Use the results of the three reviewing services to correct any grammar, punctuation, and APA By the last day14 Final Draft mechanical errors. of the third week Individual Strengths and Submit to the Assignments Section. Problem-Solving Techniques Paper Learning Team Each team member identifies a conflict that he or she has recently encountered while working By the last day10 Conflict Resolution in a group. of the third week These groups could be work groups or school learning teams. As a team, discuss the conflicts and choose one to focus for the team assignment. Review the grading form and use the sample paper provided for this assignment in the Course Materials forum. deck out a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which the team describes the group conflict scenario and propose a possible solution. The focus of the paper should not be on the conflict and possible solution, but on the process, the group followed in coming to a solution.In the paper, be sure to address the following questions Describe the past situation of the conflict, the reasons for the conflict, and the proposed solution. How did individuals in the group use their personal strengths to devise a solution to the conflict? What conflict management techniques were used to solve the problem? How did the group arrive at a decision? What other conflict management techniques could the group have applied to solve the problem? Resources Three Resources (1) textbook, (2) one article from the Electronic Reserve Readings or another article in UOPXs Online Library, and (3) one other resource or another article from UOPXs Online Library. Format your paper according to APA standards. Include title-sheet, abstract, levels with subheadings, citations, and references. Use sample paper and review grading form both provided in Course Materials forum. Submit to the Assignment Section. Week Three Individual Participation (2) Discussion Questions (2) Article Review (3) Final Draft Individual Strengths and Problem-Solving Techniques Paper (14) Learning Team Conflict Resolution (10) Individual Total 21 Learning Team Total 10 Week Four Implementing Group Motivation Strategies and Rewards Details Due Points Objectives Determine appropriate group incentives for reaching goals. Design rewards based on effective group dynamics and desired results. Readings Read Ch. 6 of Working in Groups. Readings Read this weeks Electronic Reserve Readings. Participation Participate in class discussion. 2 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discus sion questions. By Friday of 2 the fourth week Individual See the details in the first week. By Friday of 3 Article Review the fourth week Individual Complete the Group Motivation Inventory at the end of Ch. 6 of the textbook. Determine yourBy the last day10 Group Motivation Inventory score and post it to your Individual forum and your Learning Team forum. of the fourth Paper week Review the grading form and use the sample paper provided for this assignment in the Course Materials forum. Then bring out a 1,400- to 1,800-word paper, formatted consistent with APA guidelines, that includes the following information Scoring and Interpretation of Group Motivation Inventory Were the group expectations unclear or unreasonable? What did you like roughly the expectations, and what did you dislike? Did some members make it difficult for others to participate? Why was working with them difficult? Are some members doing most of the interesting work, while others do function assignments? In the future, what can you do to make sure the interesting work is shared? Were some members ignored? What could you have done to help people not feel this way? Personal Interpretations Describe what you learned about yourself in this exercise. How does this knowledge affect the way you interact in groups? What will you do other than in future groups as a result of this exercise? Based on your results, what may you do to be more motivated? What incentives would help you be more motivated when working in a group? What considerations would you have to make for incentives when group members motivations are different? Resources Three Resources (1) textbook, (2) one article from the Electronic Reserve Readings or another article in UOPXs Online Library, and (3) one other resource. Format your paper according to A PA standards. Include title-sheet, abstract, levels with subheadings, citations, and references. Use sample paper and review grading form both provided in Course Materials forum. Submit to the Assignment Section. Week Four Individual Participation (2) Discussion Questions (2) Article Review (3) Group Motivation Inventory Paper (10) Individual Total 17 Week Five Group Presentation Tools Details Due Points Objectives Identify advantages and disadvantages of victimisation presentation back up in group presentations. Readings Read Ch. 13 of Working in Groups. Readings Read Ch. 14 of Working in Groups. Readings Read this weeks Electronic Reserve Readings. Participation Participate in class discussion. 2 Article Review See the details in the first week. By Friday of 3 the 5th week Learning Team Write a 2,150- to 2,500-word paper, formatted consistent with APA guidelines, that includes By the last day10 Group Incentives and the followi ng information of the fifth Problem-Solving Techniques week Review the grading form and use the sample paper provided for this assignment in the Course Materials forum. Incentives Each member is to compile his or her team results from the Group Motivation Inventory in a brief, informal summary. Each member is to discuss the team incentives each team member identified in his or her individual assignment. As a team, explain how each members incentives will help this team achieve desired results. As a team, design two incentives created specifically for this teams dynamics. Problem-Solving Techniques Name two problem-solving techniques this team used in the last five weeks? What were the reasons for using them? Which problem-solving techniques were helpful, and which ones were not just? What other problem solving techniques could this team have used during the past five weeks w hen making group decisions? Resources Three Resources (1) textbook, (2) one article from the Electronic Reserve Readings or another article in UOPXs Online Library, and (3) one other resource or another article from UOPXs Online Library. Format your paper according to APA standards. Include title-sheet, abstract, levels with subheadings, citations, and references. Use sample paper and review grading form both provided in Course Materials forum. Submit to the Assignment Section. Learning Team Prepare a 10- to 12-slide Microsoft PowerPoint presentation with speaker notes, in which theBy the last day5 Presentation Tools team identifies advantages and disadvantages of using presentation aids in group of the fifth presentations.Address the following in your presentation week Describe four different presentation aids used in group presentations. Identify the advantages of your selected aids when used in group presentations. Identify the disadvantages of your selected aids when used in group presentations. Resources Two Resources (1) textbook, and (2) one other resource. Format the presentation according to APA standards. Include title-sheet, citations, and references. Include an introduction and a conclusion. Include speakers notes. Submit to the Assignment Section. Week Five Individual Participation (2) Article Review (3) Learning Team Group Incentives and Problem-Solving Techniques (10) Presentation Tools (5)Individual Total 5 Learning Team Total 15 Individual Grand Total 70 Learning Team Grand Total 30 Copyright University of Phoenix is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the coupled States and/or other countries. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective c ompanies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix editorial standards and practices.

Presumed Innocent until proven Guilty Essay

More than 20 years ago, Troy Davis, an African-American man from Georgia, was convicted of shooting and killing a police officer and was sentenced to death. Several years later, seven out of nine eyewitnesses completely revoked their stories. There was a clear lack of evidence that had proven him of his innocence, and thus he was linked to the crime out of pure assumption. His legal team argued that he was just in the wrong place at the wrong while but Davis was ultimately executed based on the original jury verdict. Troy Davis maintained his innocence until his death by lethal injection in 2011. His last words to the family of the murdered officer were, All I can ask is that you look deep into this case so you can reall(a)y assure the truth.This man, Troy Davis, is one of thousands of people worldwide that have been victims of this situation, being presumed guilty until proven sinless. He was not just put into prison, being take of his liberty and dignity he was sentenced to de ath, being deprived of his life Recent case studies show that in the United States alone more than 4% of all convictions are wrong. From 1973-2004 there were 7482 people who were sentenced to death and of those, 117 were unbiased. Each year, 10 000 innocent people are wrongly convicted in the United States. Right there and then, innocent men and women are left with no futures. This is why I believe that all men should be rather presumed innocent until proven guilty, as sentencing an innocent person to death, is an even more guilt-bearing act in my opinion.If you look around you, you are surrounded by life. It is the most valuable thing on our major planet Earth. You are a representation of life yourself. Growing up and developing your life takes years, yet can be taken away from you in an jiffy because of something as stupid as false accusation? Who, then, is the real criminal? A man like Oscar Pistorius is a man fighting for his life in high court because he murdered his girlfrie nd Reeva. Although the reasons to why he pulled the trigger seem preposterous, there is no clear, 100%, factual evidence stating whether it was premeditate murder or not. At the end of the day, he murdered an innocent young girl

Approach to Hr Data Collection, Storage and Usage

Xs APPROACH TO HR DATA COLLECTION, STORAGE AND USAGE at heart X data is being collected in a systematic approach of set guidelines. Subsequently stored and made easily available to all pertinent people. Reasons why X collets HR data X needs to keep certain information in order to satisfy legal requirements provide relevant information in decision making and for consultation requirement record contractual arrangements and agreements keep contact details of employees provide documentation in the consequence of a claim against the organisationThe most important reason for collecting the HR data is to meet the legal requirement. In case of Government segment (e. g. Inland Revenue) demanding information on the number of employees, how many hours they work, their salaries etc X is obliged to provide these data. Furthermore, HR records contain information that can protect the organisation from claims (employee discriminated against or unfairly dismissed). Mainly though the HR data is co llected in order to enable the organisation to make decisions related to the organisation and/or employees e. . serviceman resources planning. Types of data that is collected within the X and how it supports the HR practice Within X there are many different types of data which is collected. commandly these regrets into the following 3 ranges employee records, company data and statutory records. Personal data is a type of data which consist of the following information employee name, address, telephone number, contiguous of keen etc. It enables HR to contact employees in case of last minute changes (over the phone) or any contractual changes (letters).Payroll data consist of a basic pay and any additional payments. It allows HR to e. g. identify who is due for annual increment (X policy) through pay history monitoring as tumefy as incorporate additional payments to the basic (contractual) salary e. g. honorarium or simply monitor number of employees with salaries over ? 40,000. Most importantly it facilitates employees salaries to be salaried accordingly. Time data consist of absences (annual leave, sickness, maternity etc), attendances and time quotas.Employee absence is a significant cost to the business. Therefore, this type of data is mainly used by HR in order to manage absence effectively by accurate measurement and monitoring. Methods of storing records and its benefits There are two different types of storing data within X automated and manual. Filling cabinets or reference book/diaries these are manual methods of storing HR records. Traditionally, filing cabinets are an effective stopcock for document storage as they provide users with visual prompts and tangible information.They are in a way a buck-up for all the automated types of storing data, which can be affected by a virus or an electrical failure. In the purpose of the legal actions employer is obliged to provide the originals of the employment contracts/ accident record books and other personnel records. Otherwise the employer must explain what happened to the original document along with the statement of truth. The Human Resources randomness Systems (HRIS) is one of many automated methods of storing records within X.It is a reporting tool integrated with SAP HR that lets you request reports from inside Structural Graphics, which benefits the organisation better analysis leading to more effective decision making high accuracy of information/report generated more transparency in the system in higher speed of retrieval and processing of data reduction in duplication of efforts leading to reduced cost ease in classifying and reclassifying data fast response to answer queries improved quality of reports better work subtlety establishing of streamlined and systematic procedure mployee Self Management UK legislation relating to the recording, storage and handiness of HR data The most important UK legislation relating to the recording, storage and accessibility of HR data is Data Protection Act 1998. According to this act any data-user has to comply with a set of principles, which were designed to protect individuals from the misuse of data. General principles for data to be fairly and lawfully processed processed for limited purposes adequate, relevant and not excessive accurate and up to date not unbroken for longer than necessary rocessed in line with individuals rights secure and not transferred to other countries without adequate protection X is a public authority, hence The Freedom of Information Act 2000 plays very important role in data accessibility. Therefore, there are two fundamental rights with regards to the access for any person making a request for information to a public authority. The right To be informed by the public authority whether or not the information requested is held by the Authority and To have that information communicated to themOther UK legislations Acts Limitation Act 1980 The Regulation of Investigatory Powe rs Act 2000 Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 Statutory Instruments Privacy and electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 (SI 2003/2426) The Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Acquisition and Disclosure of Communications Data Code of Practice) Order 2007 (SI 2007/2197) The Data Retention (EC Directive) Regulations 2009 (SI 2009/859) Directives Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC Privacy and electronic communications Directive 2002/58/EC

Critically discuss different possible meanings of justice

As Lord W unspoilt commented there is not satisfactory definition of hardlyice. What is considered just in a particular case is what appears just by a just man. Similarly, the thing that appears reason commensurate to a reasonable man would be considered as reasonable. However, slightly people may see legal expert as applying the same rules in the same manner to solely people. In other words, treating like cases alike. unless then a elevate, this could excessively lead in arbitrator. Because people shit alter definitions of justice, the issues of fairness and equating help support the concept.This shows the link between impartiality and justice. However, it helps identify miscarriages of justice where people be wrongly convicted of criminal offences. Aristotle who was an ancient Greek philosopher, was nonpareil of the first to localize forward his take care. His theory was that a just police is one that would enable people to fulfil themselves in clubhouse. Meaning the law should promote justice. This made him differentiate the concept into two types distri exactlyive and corrective justice. Distributive justice is the allocation of as stacks with the ideal of achieving proportion according to each individuals claim.You can read alsoJustice System Position PaperIn other words, all benefits and burdens should be distributed fairly. On the other hand, corrective justice is when someone disappoints distributive justice, they should then be corrected. One could oppose distributive justice by some wrongdoing. This could then be corrected by courts, prisons, injunctions etc. The master(prenominal) aim of this is to redistribute the assets, which then leads to a fair system. However, there are more varied theories on the relationship between law and justice. For instance, the theory of natural law and utilitarianism.The theory of natural law is an idea that all law is ultimately derived from a divine source which is higher than a man made law. Arist otle believed that this higher law was derived from nature. However, St. Thomas Aquinas believed that this higher law was derived from God. Therefore any law that is against the human trade good or even against Gods entrust is not true law and should not be adhered to. But then this means that natural law theorist would not abide by the legal rules of the country as these are not Gods rules. But, in actual fact they should be obeyed, as not doing so would result in social disorders taking posterior.The theory of utilitarianism takes a look at nightspot as a whole nation, not an individual. The main proponents of this theory are John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. They believe that a law is just if it benefits the majority of the people even if it results with injustice for the minority. Proponents do not single rescue a look at the law, but also take into consideration the consequence of the law to see if the outcome is just towards orderliness for the great number. If a la w benefits more people within familiarity than what it harms, then this would be known as just in the eyes of utilitarianism proponents.The criticism of the utilitarianism get is that it focuses on justice for the society as a whole, but what is to happen with the one who doesnt attain justice due to the majority. Doesnt that individual have a right to justice and a fair trial? For example, in the case of R V Brown (how? ) Furthermore, there are more theories on the economic view of law and justice like economic analysis, Rawls theory, Nozick and the minimal state, Karl Marx and lastly Hans Kelsen. Economic analysis is a theory that works on the basis that everything has a monetary value.Regardless if you are buying something, or if you are selling it, it still has a financial value. The main conflict is the balance between the needs of the society and the needs of the individual. This is a very similar theory to that of the utilitarianism. For example, if a general practitioner would have to pay i500,000 for the surgical services in order to live on an individual, who would he operate on the one who has a life threatening curb which would use most of the budget up, or one whose condition is not life threatening and wouldnt use most of the budget up?For this scenario to be fair, I feel that regardless of the financial value, if the practitioner is able to succeed the service he should do so. This is because it provides more of a just manner as someone who was of an upper class would still require the surgery and interpolate the outcome of a life threatening to a non-life threatening. Ones financial status should not intervene of the law acting fair and just to an individual. Jhon Rawls theory was that the society should decide and design a set of principles which is just for the greater good of society.This way, the government as well as society know that these laws will be adhered to, and looked up to. This is because they are the laws which society pr oduce and are more imaginary for the majority than having legal laws by the government. By designing a set of principles, the society would have to disregard their position within society. For example, the rich, poor, disabled, young, old etc. However, this could be a disadvantage as the rich would design principles that favour them and vice versa for the poor. Those who are not disabled would design laws to suit their needs, not taking into consideration the needs of the disabled.But then it was argued that the original position one is meant to be in at the time of setting the principles, they should be free from personal bias and take the needs of the society into consideration, without being selfish and looking at only their needs. However, this could be a limitation as some of society may feel that they were the least advantaged of the group. This would then lead to a disagreement of a set of prefatorial rights and principles, which each member would find acceptable for their o wn requirements.He argues that there are two basic principles first one being that a set of liberties would be available to all, like freedom of thought, speech and conscience. But then it would be compromised to meet the needs of the greater good. For example, because of having the publics interest to consider, you would disregard a breakneck criminal their right to liberty. The second principle being that each individual should have equal opportunity as well as equal distribution. Rawls considers equality as in the distribution of wealth. Inequality is only allowed to help the mast disadvantaged.These principles could then be argued as it does not state what is meant by fair, as this could mean it also does not describe or give a description as to what the basic rights and principles are of a human being. Could the basic right and principles be to have food and shelter on their plate, or would it be to have the freedom of speech etc. Nozick and the minimal state, is about how the state should have a token(prenominal) interference in peoples lives, sideline a just society. The state should restrict to provide society with the basic needs like protecting one from theft or force.He felt that if ones property or wealth is legitimately and fairly obtained, then it is yours to keep. Property can be legitimately and fairly obtained in 3 ways just acquisition like inheriting something legally, just transfer like purchasing something from another legally, and lastly just rectification following an unjust acquisition like returning stolen property to its rightful owner. Nozick does not look at how wealth should be redistributed to gain equality but in fact if you have attained something legally and fairly, it is yours to keep.He does not believe in the fact that property can be owned by the State, but it is owned by the individual. The main criticism for this theory is that it states that people, who dont have wealth, should not be helped from the state. If this w as to become the reality, how do individuals be trained for a good job, if capital deprivation is there to prevent them? Karl Marx theory is that the law and legal system should intervene in the life of society to redistribute the wealth amongst all.He thought that wealth and property should all be distributed in accordance with ones capacity and needs. This is because Marx rejected capitalism and felt that it was unjust to the society by having it enforced within the law. He feels that within a capitalist society all law is unjust. This is because it repre displaces the means by which one class oppresses the class or classes downstairs it. Therefore, their view is to redistribute the wealth equally within society regardless of ones financial status. As illustrated by the Soviet Union of the problems of communism.Formal justices are the mechanisms put in place to try and support a just society. It would be satisfied by the consistent and impartial application of rules and procedur es without questioning the fairness and correctness of the outcome. These mechanisms within the legal status make sure that everyone is given equal treatment no one is at a disadvantage than the other. The manner of translation and applying rules of law and enforcing decisions can be seen as formal justice. Therefore, equality in treatment is preserved.The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 state the police powers and book of instructions for how a public strength should carry out their duties creating fairness and consistent acts. For example, when a defendant is being interviewed within a police interview room, whatever activities are carried out within the room are stated to the tape. So, if someone came in showing evidence, it will be stated who came in and what evidence was found. This will occur with all people who are being interviewed. Similarly, if someone had been stopped and searched, the police would have to ensure that they meet the requirements to stop and searc h.By having these procedures for the public authority to meet, it ensures the fairness within society will be created and maintained. In other words, people would abide by them which will create fairness within society making the outcome correct or right for society. By allowing individuals access to legal advice and representation, prevents bribery from occurring. In other words, by having someone present at the time of being questioned, the defendant could bribe public authority to acquit them. This then leads to an unfair trial which is not consistent and adherent to the rules.However, if a headcounter was present at the time, and there were recordings of the activities which took place during the room, it would be explicit as to whether bribery was taking place, if so, defendant can be prosecuted. By allowing the same rules applying to all individuals. The case of R V Thames Magistrates Court Ex parte Polemis, illustrates that the defendant was not given enough time to prepare for his defence. This is because he was told the day before that he was due in court the following day. He also did not understand the language, therefore could not turn up in court.This could seem as unfair if the judges were to prosecute him for this. Lastly, by having the judicial review, the judges are able to review the decisions of politicians and the public officials. They decide whether the politician was within their rights to state or make that decision. However, the disadvantage is that they do not examine the merits of the decision as to what he impact will be on the society. By having a judicial review, it prevents politicians from making their own decisions for their own purposes without taking the interest of society into consideration.On the other hand substantive justice is the mechanisms that the legal system has in place to provide a just outcome. For example, the judicial precedent. This is when judges treat like cases alike. This moves away from binding precede nt like overruling, distinguishing etc. Here, the doctrine of stare decisis is implemented. This is a policy of the courts to abide by the principles set out in previous cases like the Cunningham case for subjectively recklessness. It is also when the decision or answer to a question is answered by the judge from a lower court it followed through to the rest of the courts.Another mechanism for substantive justice would be the sentencing. There are various aims of sentencing, but are they used correctly within society and allocated for the correct offences. For example within the summer riots, a women was sent to jail for 5 months for handling stolen goods, when she received then, having slept through the riots in which they were taken. Would this be considered as fair and just if she did not in actual fact steal the goods, or have any relation to it, except for the fact that she was handed over them the following day.Another example of sentencing within the summer riots is when a ma n was sent for imprisonment for 4 years for posting messages on Facebook encouraging the riots. Would this be considered as fair for the defendant, in other words would he gain anything from being sent to prison? The answer to this would be no, this is because if he had a community sentence, he would know a lot more about his community and therefore able to make a difference. As illustrated by Gilbert, the seriousness of the criminality must be matched with the seriousness of the punishment.Meaning, the type of crime they committed, the sentence should be equivalents and a penalty from which they can learn from their mistakes. To conclude this, as stated from the above, there are various definitions to justice hence there is a problem of defining it. To gain perfect justice with any legal system is impossible. However, every legal system tries their utmost best to fulfil justice for each individual. Aiming to treat them and achieve a fair and just solution. This showing that there is a relationship between the two historically and theoretically.